4 M
Refers to (1) machine, (2) material, (3) method, and (4) people (manpower).
4 P
Refers to a pyramid with four layers describing the Toyota Way:
- Philosophy
- Process
- People and Partners
- Problem Solving.
References:
Liker, J.K. (2003). The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill, 362 pp.
Liker, J.K. and Meier, D. (2005). The Toyota Way Fieldbook: A Practical Guide for Implementing Toyota’s 4Ps. New York: McGraw-Hill, 476 pp.
5 Big Ideas
→ see Five Big Ideas
5 S
A disciplined approach to maintaining order in the workplace, using visual controls, to avoid and eliminate waste.
English translations from Japanese of the 5 S words are:
- Sort
- Straighten or Set in Order
- Shine or Sweep
- Standardize
- Sustain or Self-Discipline.
5 WHYs, 5 Why analysis
A problem solving technique based on asking why successively (at least 5 times) in order to get beyond the symptoms of a problem and to uncover the root cause.
Reference: For a definition, also see p. 17 in Ohno, T. (1988). The Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press, Portland, OR, 143 pp.
7 wastes
Ohno (1988) defined seven wastes in production:
- Defects
- Inventory
- Processing or Over Processing
- Waiting
- Motion
- Transportation or Conveyance
- Overproduction
Womack added
- Not using people’s capabilities
Koskela (2004) added
- Make-do
→ related to Muda
References:
Koskela, L. (2004). “Making-do: the Eighth Category of Waste.” In: Bertelsen, S. and Formoso, C.T., Proc. 12th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Helsingør, Denmark, 3-5 Aug.
Ohno, T. (1988). The Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press, Portland, OR, 143 p.